India tells citizens in Canada to exercise caution as relations worsen

India on Wednesday urged its nationals in Canada, especially students,to exercise "utmost caution" as ties deteriorate after each nation expelled one of the other's diplomats in an escalating row over the murder of a Sikh separatist leader.

Tension has grown since Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said on Monday Canada was investigating "credible allegations" about the potential involvement of Indian government agents in the murder of Hardeep Singh Nijjar in British Columbia in June.

"In view of growing anti-India activities and politically-condoned hate crimes and criminal violence in Canada, all Indian nationals there, and those contemplating travel, are urged to exercise utmost caution," India's foreign ministry said.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has categorically rejected Canada's suspicions that Indian agents had links to the murder.

"Given the deteriorating security environment in Canada, Indian students in particular are advised to exercise extreme caution and remain vigilant," the ministry added in a statement.

New Delhi's advisory followed Ottawa's advisory to Canadian citizens in Indian-ruled Kashmir issued late on Tuesday.

"Avoid all travel to the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir due to the unpredictable security situation," the Canadian advisory said, referring to the federal territory where separatists have been fighting Indian rule since 1989 although militant violence has subsided markedly in recent years.

"There is a threat of terrorism, militancy, civil unrest and kidnapping," the advisory said.

India has been the largest source nation for international students in Canada since 2018.

That figure rose 47% last year to nearly 320,000, making up about 40% of total overseas students, according to the Canadian Bureau of International Education.

On Wednesday, a private entertainment company, BookMyShow, announced the cancellation of an India tour by Canadian singer Shubhneet Singh.

Canadian officials have so far declined to say why they believe India could be linked to Nijjar's murder.

US 'concern' over accusations

The US has voiced "deep concern" over Canada’s accusations and US Ambassador to India Eric Garcetti said on Wednesday "those who are responsible must be held accountable".

"We hope traditional friends and partners will cooperate in getting to the bottom of it," Indian news agency ANI, in which Reuters has a minority stake, quoted Garcetti as saying.

India's main opposition Congress party endorsed the government's rejection of Canada's accusations, urging a stand against threats to Indian sovereignty.

"Trudeau's defence of declared terrorist Hardeep Singh Nijjar is absolutely shameful and shows how much the present Canadian regime is in bed with Khalistani sympathisers," Abhishek Manu Singhvi, a senior Congress lawmaker, posted on social media platform X, formerly known as Twitter.

Khalistan is the name of a would-be independent Sikh state whose creation was the goal of a bloody Sikh insurgency in the 1980s and 1990s in India's northern state of Punjab, during which tens of thousands were killed.

As the ruling party at the time, Congress led the fight against the insurgency and eventually suppressed it.

But it took the lives of key Congress leaders Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, who was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards in 1984, and Punjab Chief Minister Beant Singh, who was killed in a bomb blast by Sikh separatists in 1995.

'Anti-terror crackdown' by India

Although there is hardly any support for the insurgency left in India, small groups of Sikhs in Australia, Britain, Canada and the US support the separatist demand and occasionally stage protests outside Indian embassies.

New Delhi, which remains wary of any revival of the insurgency, has long been unhappy over Sikh separatist activity in Canada and urged Ottawa to act against anti-Indian elements.

Canada has the largest population of Sikhs outside the Indian state of Punjab, with about 770,000 people reporting Sikhism as their religion in the 2021 census.

Some Indian analysts say Ottawa does not curb Sikh protesters as they are a politically influential group.

India's counter-terrorism agency, the National Investigation Agency (NIA), said on Wednesday it was intensifying a "crackdown on Khalistani terrorists operating in India".

An NIA statement said the agency announced a cash reward of US$12,045 (about RM56,600) each for information leading to the arrest of Harwinder Singh Sandhu and Lakhbir Singh Sandhu "for promoting the terror activities of Babbar Khalsa International (BKI) in India", one of the main Sikh separatist groups.

A cash reward of 500,000 rupees each has also been announced for information on three associates, an NIA statement said, adding that all five were accused of militant attacks and raising funds for the BKI, "a banned terror outfit".

It said they had also recruited new members for BKI and established a network of operatives in various countries to "further their terror activities in different parts of India".