The methods combine use of security cameras with denial of state services to violators, replacing the morality police whose actions were the flashpoint for the months of unrest.

Since ousting a foreign-backed government in August 2021, the Taliban authorities have imposed an austere sharia law that the UN has labelled 'gender-based apartheid'.

It also cites mischievousness and mass hysteria among students.

The comments at a regional summit in Samarkand, Uzbekistan come after a decision by the conservative Taliban authorities to bar women from working for the United Nations sparked international outrage.

They say those who remove their hijab in public places 'will be warned first and presented to the courts as a next step'.

Taliban officials have closed girls' highschools, barred their access to universities and stopped most women from working at non-governmental organisations.

Policies must move beyond tokenism and truly empower women.

The university ban is one of several restrictions imposed on women since the Taliban stormed back to power in August 2021, and has sparked global outrage.

Much of China's demographic downturn is the result of China's one-child policy imposed between 1980 and 2015 as well as the high cost of education.

Unverified recordings of conversations between her and her father appeared to indicate that he was unhappy about her decision to live alone in Turkey.

The government dictates that only married women are legally allowed to give birth, but with marriage and birth rates having fallen to record lows in recent years, provincial authorities revamped a 2019 rule.

The order threatens to suspend the operating licences of NGOs that failed to implement the directive.