Research has been going on in countries around the world to develop nasal sprays to help prevent and treat Covid-19, particularly given that the lining of the nose has been identified as a key entry point for the virus.

WHO's inspection identified issues with the traceability and identification of vaccine batches and raised concerns over the filling lines, sterility assurance, sterile filtration validation and the risks of cross-contamination.

The developers of the jab accuse Anvisa of knowingly spreading false and inaccurate information.

They say the batches they tested carried a live version of a common cold-causing virus.

The decision follows a previous statement from regulators expressing 'critical issues' around the effectiveness of the vaccine.

The stakes are high as Russia and China compete with the West to distribute their own vaccines to the developing world and gain influence.

Ukraine has little control over the Moscow-backed, self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic.

Russians are being told that 'Drinking alcohol puts a strain on the body. If you want a strong immune response, don’t drink alcohol.'

He has ordered a mass vaccination programme to begin before Phase 3 trials are completed.

Everyone will be keen to be given the shot and protect themselves and those around them as soon as possible.